Brushed DC Motor
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What is a Brushed DC Motor?
A Brushed DC Motor is an Electric Motor that requires DC current to run and uses brushes that make contact with commutators which energize the rotor (armature) windings of the Electric Motor.
What are common features of a Brushed DC Motor?
A Brushed DC Motor has these parts
- Brushes – supplies current to the rotor winding when it makes contact with the commutator. This current in turn creates a magnetic field in the respective winding.
- Stator – creates a magnetic field that is stationary and it surrounds the Armature or Rotor. The magnetic field can be from permanent magnets or electro magnets (electromagnetic windings).
- Commutator – mechanical switching mechanism that is attached to the rotor axle. Commutators are usually pieces of copper strips on the rotor axle, divided into segments along the axle circumference with each segment attached to their respective rotor winding.
- Rotor or Armature – windings that rotate inside the stator when it is energized as it creates a magnetic field of its own. The pole of the rotor winding will be attracted to the opposite pole of the stator magnetic field which in turn causes the rotor to rotate. To ensure that this rotation continues, the current supplied to the windings is switched (commutation).
What are some examples of Brushed DC Motors?
Some examples of Brushed DC Motors can be found in various Electric Car Conversions and other Electric Vehicle Conversions, small battery operated toys, gasoline or diesel engine starter motors.
What are common types of Brushed DC Motors?
The common types of Brushed DC Motors are:
- Permanent Magnet DC Motor;
- Series Wound DC Motor;
- Shunt Wound DC Motor;
- Separately Excited (SepEx) DC Motor; and
- Compound Wound DC Motor.
What are the advantages of a Brushed DC Motor when used in an Electric Car Conversion?
Some of the advantages of a Brushed DC Motor when used in an Electric Car Conversion are:
- simplicity;
- motor controllers are cheaper than for AC motors or Brushless DC Motor Controllers;
- easier to test with a bank of batteries;
- more readily available for DIY Electric Car Conversion enthusiasts.
What are the disadvantages of a Brushed DC Motor when used in an Electric Car Conversion?
Some of the disadvantages of a Brushed DC Motor when used in an Electric Car Conversion are:
- Brushes and commutators are subject to wear so that is a maintenance issue that needs to be considered. This means brushes may need to be regularly replaced. If the commutator is worn out, then the motor will need reconditioning;
- Brushed DC Motors are not as efficient as Brushless DC Motors or AC Motors. This is due to losses from the contact between the brushes and commutators. This also creates heat as the brushes and commutators are effectively rubbing against each other;
- Arcing can occur between the brushes and commutators;
Check out Motors For Electric Cars Family Tree for more Electric Car Motor information.
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